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Rectangular aluminum sheets were stretched under in-plane plane-strain tension using a simple experimental setup. The samples can be stretched under these conditions until localized necking occurs at the centerline. The strain distributions and the loads were recorded at different strain levels. Good agreement was found between actual loads and those calculated from strain measurements assuming isotropic hardening with a high exponent yield criterion.

A semi-empirical engine piston/ring assembly friction model based on the concept of the Stribeck diagram and similarity analysis is described. The model was constructed by forming non-dimensional parameters based on design and operating conditions. Friction data collected by the Fixed-Sleeve method described in [1]* at one condition, were used to correlate the coefficient of friction of the assembly and the other non-dimensional parameters. Then, using the instantaneous cylinder pressure as input together with measured and calculated design and operating parameters, reasonable assembly friction and fmep predictions were obtained for a variety of additional conditions, some of which could be compared with experimental values. Model inputs are component dimensions, ring tensions, piston skirt spring constant, piston skirt thermal expansion, engine temperatures, speed, load and oil viscosity.

This paper presents the real time implementation of detection filters for the diagnosis of incipient failures in electronically controlled internal combustion (IC) engines. The detection filters are implemented in a production vehicle. Recent results [1] have demonstrated the feasibility of a model-based failure detection and isolation (FDI) methodology for detecting partially failed components in electronically controlled vehicle subsystems. The present paper describes the real time application of the FDI concept to the detection of faults in sensors associated with the engine/controller In a detection filter, the performance of the engine/controller system is continuously compared to a prediction based on sensor measurements and an analytical model (typically a control model) of the system. Any discrepancy between actual and predicted performance is analyzed to identify the unique failure signatures related to specific system components.

The relationship of slip resistance (or coefficient of friction) to safe climbing system maneuvers on high profile vehicles has become an issue because of its possible connection to falls of drivers. To partially address this issue, coefficients of friction were measured for seven of the more popular fabricated metal step materials. Evaluated on these steps were four types of shoe materials (crepe, leather, ribbed-rubber, and oil-resistant-rubber) and three types of contaminant conditions (dry, wet-water, and diesel fuel). The final factor evaluated was the direction of sole force application. Results showed that COF varied primarily as a function of sole material and the presence of contaminants. Unexpectedly, few effects were attributible to the metal step materials. Numerous statistical interactions suggested that adequate levels of COF are more likely to be attained by targeting control on shoe soles and contaminants rather than the choice of a particular step material.

Effective computer-aided design of engineering systems requires comprehensive computer-application software that conveniently adapts to the particular engineering design considered. This paper discusses the theoretical background and initial experience with a program intended for computer-aided design of machine-like mechanical systems, and outlines the use of a time-shared graphic terminal for schematic display of program output. The program is applicable to three types of mechanical systems: linear and nonlinear unconstrained dynamic systems, kinematic systems (that is, constrained systems), and multifreedom, constrained systems.

This paper discusses the general principles governing the action of free spinning, self-locking bolts. The concept presented is that the bolt, and the parts it holds, acts as a spring, and it is shown that this leads logically to measuring the work done to remove a self-locking bolt as well as measuring its breakaway torque. Equipment for such tests is illustrated and typical test results are given. Finally, some remarks are made concerning the basic mechanisms by which vibratory motion loosens bolts.